Device for seating valves



""0 3, J. RUMMINS DEVICE FOR SEATING VALVES Filed Oct. 8. 1923 a w w a Iwuontoz 14 71912 Hamill/1'75 51;; MA Que f My: %4m, 9 M

Patented Nov. 3, 1925. V

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN RUMMINS OF LANSING, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL MOTORS CORPORA-TION'QOF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION 0'15 DELAWARE.

DEVICE Eon SEATING VALVES.

Application filed October8, 1923. Serial No. 667,432.

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, JonN RUMMINS, a citizen of the United States, and aresident of Lansing, county of Ingham, and State of Michigan, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Devices for SeatingValves, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exactdescription, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which theinvention relates to make and use the same, reference being made thereinto the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification. AMy invention relates to the seating of poppet valves, particularly ininternal combustion engines; and the object thereof is to provide a planor scheme whereby such valves may be more readily and expeditiouslyseated than has heretofore commonly been the case; and whereby a moreperfect seating of the valve, with consequent tightness, and a seatsurface having better wearing qualities than has ordinarily beenproduced in the usual grinding in operation heretofore in vogue, willbesecured.

My inventionis regarded as including a new device for seating valves;The tool being illustrated in the drawing accompanying and forming apartof this specification. The distinguishing features wherein my inventionconsists are particularly pointed out in the claimsat the end of thisspecification, although it will be appreciated that myvinventionincludes such variations and modifications of the particular tool andprocess disclosedand claimed herein as will be obvious to those skilledin the art to which,myinvention relates, solo ng as such variations comewithin the scope of the claims in question. I i Referring now to thedrawing:

, Figure l is a view showing the tool which constitutes apart of my1nvent1onfpartly in side elevation, and partly in section.

Figure 2 is a fragmentary View showing the tool aforesaid in sectionupon a longitudinally ext-ending axial plane,and upon a larger scalethan the same is shown in Figure 1. i a In the drawing, the numeral 5-designates the head or upperend of the cylinder of an internalcombustion engine or equivalent structure, in a conventional manner, myinvention as a matter of course being applicable to thezseating ofpoppet valves in any the valve against the seat. ment about its axis orstem is preferably im-' type of engine, pump, or similar device in whichvalves of that kind are used; and 6 is an inlet, exhaust or otherpassage through which a fluid flows when the engine is in operation.This passage extends past a valve seat at 7 and the numeral 8 designatesa poppet valve comprising a head the periphery of which cooperates withthe seat 7, and a stem cooperating with a suitable guide to insurerectilinear movement of the valve; all as is usual in valves of the typecontemplated herein. r

In seating valves in accordance with my invention the valve seat 7 isgiven its usual bevelled form during the manufacture of the cylinder, orhead therefor if the head is formed separately from the cylinder, as isthe more common practice; the seat being in fact in substantially itsfinal form prior to the seating operation involved in my invention,although the surface thereof undergoes a further finishing operationduring the seating operation. 1

, In seating a valve in accordance with my invention the valve is placedupon its seat; and is then subjected to a plurality of blows deliveredto its upper side, so as to drive Angular moveparted to the valveduringthe seating operation to thereby insure proper contact between thevalve and its seat in all angular positions of the valve; and the valvethus seated isintended to operate in conjunction with the particularseat upon which it is seated throughout the life of the parts or untilthe valve needs to be ire-seated, the

same as in the usual practice of grinding :a

valve into proper engagement with its seat. The driving, as 1t were, ofthe valve onto its seat which occurs in performing my process compactsthe seat, and produces a harder seating surface than has heretofore beenthe case. The seating surface produced is therefore one which willresist the cutting and grooving action ofthegases flow- 'ing past thesamebetter than has hereto fore been the case, in the usualgrinding in amethod of seating; and my invention also provides cooperatlng surfaceswhich are in more intimate contact than heretofore, and in whlch leakagepast the valve is materially reduced.

he. performed by implements or tools of various forms, so long as theyare suitable for delivering blows to the valve in the manner and withthe results enumerated. I have,- however, invented a particular toolwhich I have found well adapted for performing the process; thedistinguishing features thereof being as follows:

The numeral 9 designates an elongated body member preferably knurledupon its periphery so that the tool may be the better and more firmlyheld by the hand of the operator, and the upper end of which body memberis adapted to receive blows; said upper end being shown as so shaped asto enter and be held in the chuck of an ordinary pneumatic riveting orchipping hammer 1O operated by compressed air, which is a device incommon use and purchasable in the open market. Blows may, however, be delivered to the upper end of the body 9 in any 'ay, and by any device;as, for example, by a hand operated hammer which is perhaps the simplestconception of a blow delivering device or scheme.

The lower end of the body portion 9 is provided with a spherical seat at11 within which a spherical anvil 12 is held in any suitable way, as bya locking ring arrangement 13; the anvil being free to rock in theseatso that blows will be transmitted to the valve along the axisthereof, notwithstanding such nutation of the upper end of the tool, andof the hammer striking the same, as may be due to unsteadiness of thehands of the operator; or to lack of uniformity as regards the holdingof the tool relative to the valve being seated in successive seatingoperations. The lower outer and exposed portion of the anvil is soshaped as to rest upon and throughout a considerable area of the upperside of the head of the valve operated upon as by providing asubstantially fiat surface upon said anvil, as indicated by the numeral14. A peripheral ridge 15 is present in the tool illustrated to morecertainly prevent the tool from slipping sidewise olf the valve head.These features distribute the force of the blows imparted to the valveand concentrate the effect thereofalong a line extendingcircumferentially of the seat, and disposed directly above the same; andinsure that the force of the blows will be exerted always in a directionalong the axis of the valve when the tool. is in use, as will beunderstood.

The body member 9 is shown as provided with a longitudinally extendingpassage 16 containing a comparatively weak spring 17 acting upon theupper end of a plunger 18 housed in said passage, and extending throughan opening 19 in the spherical anvil 12 and the lower end of whichengages the upper end of the valve operated upon. This plunger, althoughit serves a useful purpose merely in pressing downward upon the valvewith a yielding pressure, is provided principally for the purpose ofenabling the operator to impart angular movement to the valve during theseating operation, as hereinbefore explained; and to that end theplunger is provided with a longitudinally extending groove 20 into whichthe end of a set screw 21'exten'ds, to thereby cause the plunger torotate with the body member. The lower end of the plunger is providedwith a plate 22 adapted to fit within the slot commonly present in valveheads so that they may be rotated by a suitable device in the usualgrinding operation; from which it follows that the valve while beingseated by blows communicated thereto through the body member 9, may berotated at the will of the operator by rotating said body member.

It is preferable that the valve be lifted off or at least eased from itsseat between the blows delivered thereto, and more especially so whenthe operator rotates the tool to impart angular movement to the valve;and in order to accomplish that end a spring 23 of proper length andstiffness may be interposed between the under side of the valve and theusual guide for the stem thereof. This spring is comparatively weak soas not to interfere with the pressing of the valve against its seat bythe operator, nor to materially lessen the effect of the blowscommunicated thereto during the seating operation; but is stiff enoughto raise the valve from its seat when the operator reduces the forcewith which he presses the valve against its seat, as when the valve isto be rotated as hereinbefore explained.

Having thus described and explained my invention, I claim and desire tosecure by Letters Patent:

1. A valve seating tool comprising an elongated body member adapted toreceive blows at its upper end, and having a spherical seat at its lowerend; and a spherical anvil held in place within said seat and having anexposed surface adapted to engage the upper end of a valve to be seated.

2. A valve seating tool comprising an elongated body member adapted toreceive blows at its upper end, and having a longitudinally extendingpassage and a spherical seat at its lower end; a spherical anvil held inplace within said seat and having an opening extending therethrough, andan exposed surface adapted to engage the upper end of a valve to beseated; and a spring pressed plunger arranged within the passageaforesaid and extending through the opening in said anvil and adapted toengage the valve being seated.

3. A valve seating tool comprising an elongated body member adapted toreceive blows at its upper end, and having a spherical seat at its lowerend; a spherical anvil held in place within said seat and having anexposed surface adapted to engage the upper end of a valve to be seated;and means for imparting angular movement about its axis to the valveduring the seating operation.

4. A valve seating tool comprising an elongated body member adapted toreceive blows at its upper end, and having a longitudinally extendingpassage and a spherical seat at its lower end; a spherical anvil held inplace within said seat and having an opening extending therethrough, andan exposed surface adapted to engage the upper end of a valve to beseated; a spring pressed plunger arranged within the passage aforesaidand extending through the opening in' said anvil and adapted to engagethe valve being seated; means for preventing rotation of said plungerwithin the passage aforesaid; and means at the lower end of said plungerthrough which the valve may be rotated during the seating operation.

5. A valve seating tool comprising an elongated body member adapted toreceive blows at its upper end, and having a spherical seat at its lowerend; a spherical anvil held in place within said seat and having anexposed surface adapted to engage the upper end of a valve to be seated;and a spring located beneath the valve and tending to force it away fromthe seat aforesaid.

6. A valve seating tool comprising an elongated body member adapted toreceive blows at its upper end, and having a longitudinally extendingpassage and a spherical seat at its lower end; a spherical anvil held inplace within said seat and having an opening extending therethrough, andan exposed surface adapted to engage the upper end of a valve to beseated; a spring pressed plunger arranged within the passage aforesaidand extending through the opening in said anvil and adapted to engagethe valve being seated; means for preventing rotation of said plungerwithin the passage aforesaid; means at the lower end of said plungerthrough which the valve may be rotated during the seating operation; anda spring located beneath the valve and tending to force it away from theseat aforesaid.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

' JOHN RUMMINS.

